Americans are proud of their variety and individuality(个性),yet they love and respect few things more
than a uniform,whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general.Why are
uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms,one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more
professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes.People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from
a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust
than one who appears in civilian clothes.Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.
What easier way is there for a nurse,a policeman,a hairdresser,or a waiter to lose professional identity
(职业身份)than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical good points.They are often more comfortable and more lasting than
civilian clothes.
Primary facts among the argument against uniforms is their lack of variety and the loss of individuality
experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms,the wearer of any
particular type is generally stuck with it,without change,until retirement.When people look alike,they are
likely to think,speak,and act similarly on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems.Though they are long-lasting,often their initial
expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes.Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain,requiring
professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
1.What surprises us is that Americans ______.
[]
A.still judge a man by his clothes
B.think highly of uniforms
C.less prefer wearing civilian clothes
D.respect a elevator operator in uniform
2.People are likely to think that a man in uniform ______.
[]
A.suggests quality work
B.shows his social position
C.appears to be more practical
D.looks more fresh and attractive
3.Those who are against uniforms believe that people wearing uniforms ______.
[]
A.are usually helpful
B.have little freedom
C.lose personal character
D.enjoy greater popularity
4.It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
[]
A.people generally trust a person in uniform more
B.people enjoy wearing comfortable uniform
C.the cost of the uniform is acceptable to people
D.people wear uniforms to show they should be respected
答案：
1-4: BACA
解析：
历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：
1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：
a．读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b．读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
c．读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d．从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e．归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。