In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which,taken together,comprise the whole vocabulary.First,there are those words 1 which we become acquainted in daily conversation,which we 2,that is to say,from the 3 of our own family and from our familiar associates,and 4 we should know and use 5 we could not read or write.They 6 the common things of life,and are the stock in trade of all who 7 the language.Such words may be called“popular”,since they belong to the people 8 and are not the exclusive 9 of a limited class.On the other hand,our language 10 a multitude of words which are comparatively 11 used in ordinary conversation.Their meanings are known to every educated person,but there is little 12 to use them at home or in the market-place.Our 13 acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's 14 or from the talk of our school-mates,15 from books that we read,lectures that we 16,or the more 17 conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 18 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 19 of everyday life.Such words are called“learned”,and the 20 between them and the“popular”words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.
1. A.at B.with C.by D.through
2. A.study B.imitate C.stimulate D.learn
3. A.mates B.relatives C.members D.fellows
4. A.which B.that C.those D.ones
5. A.even B.despite C.even if D.in spite of
6. A.mind B.concern C.care D.involve
7. A.hire B.apply C.adopt D.use
8. A.in public B.at most C.at large D.at best
9. A.right B.privilege C.share D.possession
10 .A.consists B.comprises C.constitutes D.composes
11. A.seldom B.much C.never D.often
12. A.prospect B.way C.reason D.necessity
13. A.primary B.first C.principal D.prior
14. A.tips B.mouth C.lips D.tongue
15. A.besides B.and C.or D.but
16. A.hear of B.attend C.hear from D.listen
17. A.former B.formula C.formal D.formative
18. A.theme B.topic C.idea D.point
19. A.border B.link C.degree D.extent
20. A.diversion B.distinction C.diversity D.similarity
答案
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.B
解析
1.本句中由with which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those words。短语become acquainted with sb./sth.意为“认识某人，了解某事。”
2.imitate意为“模仿”，stimulate意为“刺激，激发”。study和learn都有“学习”的意思，study着重研究，而learn指一般性的学习，故选D。
3.mate意为“伙伴，同事”，可组成复合名词，如：classmate同学，roommate同房间的人。relative意为“亲戚”，member意为“成员”，family member意为“家庭成员”，fellow意为“伙伴，家伙”。
4.which引导非限制性定语从句，和前面的定语从句并列，修饰先行词those words,关系代词that只能在限制性定语从句中代替which。
5.even if在这里引导条件状语从句。Even是副词，不能引导状语从句。In spite of和despite表示“尽管”，为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。
6.本句的意思是“它们涉及生活中的一般性事情，是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。Concern意为“涉及”,mind和care表示“介意，计较”，relate表示“讲述、叙述”。
7.use意为“使用”，apply意为“运用”，hire意为“雇用”，adopt意为“采纳”。
8.at large意为“普遍的、一般的”，in public意为“公开地、当众”，at most意为“至多、不超过”，at best意为“充其量、至多”。
9.share意为“份额、共享”。right和privilege意为“权利、特权”，在本句不符合题意。possession意为“拥有、占有”，通常指拥有财物。
10.comprise“包含、包括、由……组成”。compose常用于被动结构be composed of表示“由……组成”。consist是不及物动词，必须和of组成短语动词表示“由……组成”，constitute意为“构成”。
11.seldom意为“不经常、很少”。
12.prospect意为“前景”；way“方式”；reason“理由”；necessity“必要性”。本句只有necessity符合句意。
13.本句意为“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里，也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的……”first“第一、首先”；primary“基本的、原始的”；prior“优先的、在先的”；principal“主要的、首要的”。
14.learn sth from ones lips是固定搭配，表示“从某人嘴里得知”。
15.but在这里表示转折的含义。
16.attend a lecture“参加一个讲座”。
17.formal“正式的”；former“以前的”；formula“公式、方程”；formative“形成的”。
18.topic“话题”；theme“主题”；point“要点”。本句指讨论的话题，故选topic。
19.degree和extent均可表示程度，但extent还可表示“范围”。本句意为：……讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围，所以选extent。Border边界，link连接。
20.diversion“转移、转向”；distinction“差别”；diversity“多样性、变化”；similary“相似之处”。本句意为：学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别，故选distinction